Incidence of Extrahepatic Portal Vein Anatomic Variations and Their Clinical Implications in Daily Practice.

Anatomical variations of the portal vein are relatively common and can affect the outcomes of hepatic resections, transplantations and interventional radiological procedures. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding extrahepatic portal vein anomalies. Two main databases were searched for suitable articles, and results concerning more than 3,700 patients were included in the analysis. The most common anatomical variations of the portal vein were trifurcation and having a right posterior portal vein as the first branch of the main portal vein; these anomalies were found in 11.7% and 10.8% of cases, respectively.

Α Rare Morphological Study Concerning the Longest Bone of the Human Anatomy in the Population of the Northern Greece.

BACKGROUND: The femur is one of the most researched bones in the human anatomy and forensic medicine. As the longest bone in the human body, it is well preserved in skeletal remains. The sex estimation of human remains is one of the most important research steps for physical and forensic anthropologists. However, osteometric standards built on unburned human remains and contemporary cremated series are often inadequate for the analysis, frequently resulting in a significant number of misclassifications. METHODS: In our study, we present the anthropometric data from 500 skeletons in Northern Greece, including 232 males and 198 females, as well as 430 of known age. The diameters of the femur were measured as well as the indices of robustness. For the statistical interpretation of the results, we have used the discriminant analysis. RESULTS: From the interpretation of the data, we concluded that all the mean values, diameters and indices of the males were greater compared with those of the females. Also, we concluded that the probability of error is quite high in all cases except the vertical diameter of femur's head, which has an acceptable percentage of error of 14.39% and can be used as a safe criterion for sex identification. CONCLUSION: With the aid of statistics, we came to the conclusion that the vertical diameter of the femur's head is a safe variable for sex estimation in skeletal remains.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection inducing non-congenital sensorineural hearing loss during childhood; a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most important risk factors for delayed onset and progressive hearing loss in children. However, the relevant literature is limited, heterogeneous and currently insufficient to provide guidance toward the effective monitoring of hearing acuity in these children. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review focused on types of hearing loss that may escape diagnosis through universal neonatal hearing screening and/or present significant changes during childhood, such as progressive, fluctuating and late-onset hearing loss. DATA SOURCES: A review of the present literature was conducted via the PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org) and Scopus database (www.scopus.com) with the search terms "late-onset hearing loss cytomegalovirus", "progressive hearing loss cytomegalovirus" and "fluctuating hearing loss cytomegalovirus". STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Prospective or retrospective clinical studies were included if they presented a detailed audiological assessment, for a follow-up period of >2years. METHODS: The prevalence and time of diagnosis of progressive, fluctuating and late-onset hearing loss were considered as primary outcomes. Results were recorded separately for symptomatic and asymptomatic children, when possible. RESULTS: This analysis refers to a population of 181 children with CMV-induced hearing loss, who were diagnosed among 1089 with congenital CMV infection. The prevalence of CMV-induced hearing loss was significantly higher among symptomatic children (p < 0.0001), who were also significantly more likely to develop bilateral hearing loss (p = 0.001). There was not sufficient information on the prevalence, laterality, degree and time of diagnosis of progressive, fluctuating and late-onset hearing loss that could constitute the basis toward the report of specific follow-up guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed in order to understand and quantify the potential effects of congenital CMV infection in the inner ear and hearing acuity. The results presented in the relative studies should be very carefully evaluated and compared to each other, since they correspond to substantially different cohorts, study designs, and result elaboration. Infants with congenital CMV infection should be closely monitored, regarding their hearing acuity at least during their preschool years, although substantial changes in hearing thresholds have been reported as late as the 16th year of age. Parental counseling is of outmost importance in order to minimize the numbers of children lost to follow-up.

Morphological and Morphometrical Study of the Human Ossicular Chain: A Review of the Literature and a Meta-Analysis of Experience Over 50 Years.

The ossicular chain has been known for 500 years and yet there are a small number of morphometrical studies. We reviewed the whole literature that is available online regarding the human ossicular chain from an anatomist perspective and correlated the data from all the papers that showed any relevance. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed a priori. A thorough description of all ossicular differences has been made and we present their variations in dimensions trying to associate measurements obtained with race. This research included papers spreading on a horizon of over 50 years of worldwide experience. Statistical analysis revealed that there is a great difference in measurements and the results cannot be sufficiently associated. The explanation of this variation in the measurements obtained might be due to errors in the procedure. We conclude that ossicular chain reveals a great variety, and propose that a measurement protocol for auditory ossicles must be widely performed.

Dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth: two case reports.

Dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth may be congenital or acquired. The congenital form, according to the main theory, originates from embryonic cells of the 1st and 2nd branchial arch. The acquired form may be due to traumatic or iatrogenic causes and as a result of the occlusion of a sebaceous gland duct. Its occurrence is less and is estimated to be from 1.6 to 6.4% of the dermoid cysts of the body in adults and 0.29% of the head and neck tumors occurring in children. They may also be classified as anatomical and histological. Anatomically, they are divided into median genioglossal, median geniohyoid, and lateral cysts, while histologically they are divided into epidermoid, dermoid cysts and teratomas. Clinically, a distinction between supra and inferior type as well as between central and lateral type is proposed in relation to themylohyoidmuscle and themidline, respectively. Histologically, an estimation of dermoid, epidermoid, and teratoid cysts is reported. Enucleation via intraoral and/or extraoral approach is the method of treatment. Two case reports of dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth are presented in this paper, and an evaluation with regard to pathology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment is discussed.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the tongue in a 3-year-old boy: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the tongue is a very rare and aggressive tumor which occurs in infancy with a relatively controversial histogenesis. It may mimic benign vascular neoplasms and may metastasize to the lungs, brain or bones. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a three-year-old Caucasian boy who was admitted to our department with a history of dysphagia and two episodes of oral bleeding which had lasted for a period of six months. A thorough histological examination together with imaging techniques form the basis of a reliable diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the tongue is a rare tumor which occurs in infancy and which is often misdiagnosed pre-operatively. It should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis of oral pediatric lesions.

[The use of acoustic rhinometry for the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy: a clinical study]. / Rinometría acústica en la valoración de la hipertrofia adenoidea. Estudio clínico.

OBJECTIVE: In our study, we employed the method of acoustic rhinometry for preoperative and postoperative (after adenoidectomy) evaluation of 25 children between 3-12 years of age who suffered from adenoid hypertrophy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This method showed with accuracy the changes of the dimensions of the nasal cavity following the operation. The parameters which were evaluated prior and subsequent to the operation were the diameter of the nasal cavity in the area of the adenoids and the total volume of the nasal passage. RESULTS: As shown by acoustic rhinometry, the change of the cross-sectional area of the nasopharynx was 59.43% on average. Similarly, the augmentation of the volume of the nasal cavity was 46.39 % on average. The change of the dimensions of the nasal cavity paralleled the alteration of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we can assume that acoustic rhinometry can show with accuracy the dimensions of the nasal cavity, especially at the front part. It is also very useful in the assessment of the efficiency of the treatment in cases of nasal obstruction and especially of adenoid hypertrophy.

Rinometría acústica en la valoración de la hipertrofia adenoidea. Estudio clínico / The use of acoustic rhinometry for the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy: a clinical study

Objetivo: En nuestro estudio, utilizamos el método de rinometría acústica para la evaluación prequirúrgica y posquirúrgica (tras adenoidectomía) de 25 niños entre 3 y 12 años que presentaban hipertrofia adenoidea. Material y método: Este método mostró con precisión los cambios en las dimensiones de la cavidad nasal tras la intervención. Los parámetros evaluados antes y después de la intervención fueron el diámetro de la cavidad nasal en el área de las adenoides y el volumen total del paso nasal. Resultados: Como se observa por la rinometría acústica, el cambio en el área transversal de la nasofaringe fue de media del 59,43 %. De forma similar, el aumento de volumen de la cavidad nasal fue del 46,39 % de media. El cambio en las dimensiones de la cavidad nasal fue paralelo a las alteraciones de los síntomas clínicos. Conclusiones: En conclusión, podemos asumir que la rinometría acústica puede mostrar con precisión las dimensiones de la cavidad nasal, especialmente en la parte frontal. También es muy útil en la valoración de la eficiencia del tratamiento en caso de obstrucción nasal y, especialmente, de hipertrofia adenoidea (AU)

Objective: In our study, we employed the method of acoustic rhinometry for preoperative and postoperative (after adenoidectomy) evaluation of 25 children between 3-12 years of age who suffered from adenoid hypertrophy. Material and method: This method showed with accuracy the changes of the dimensions of the nasal cavity following the operation. The parameters which were evaluated prior and subsequent to the operation were the diameter of the nasal cavity in the area of the adenoids and the total volume of the nasal passage. Results: As shown by acoustic rhinometry, the change of the cross-sectional area of the nasopharynx was 59.43% on average. Similarly, the augmentation of the volume of the nasal cavity was 46.39 % on average. The change of the dimensions of the nasal cavity paralleled the alteration of clinical symptoms. Conclusions: In conclusion, we can assume that acoustic rhinometry can show with accuracy the dimensions of the nasal cavity, especially at the front part. It is also very useful in the assessment of the efficiency of the treatment in cases of nasal obstruction and especially of adenoid hypertrophy (AU)